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| Marijuana |
Since 1975, the Monitoring the Future Study (MTF, for its acronym in English) has measured the use and behavior related to drugs, alcohol and cigarettes among adolescent students nationwide. The survey participants reported their behavior regarding the use of drugs in three categories: its use in life, in the previous year and the previous month for some drugs, also reported the use diary.
1. Initially the survey included only 12th grade students, but in 1991 the study was expanded to include 8th-and 10th-graders. The Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan is conducting this survey under the auspices of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, for its acronym in English). The 35 th annual survey was conducted during 2009.
2. Positive findings:Cigarette use is at the lowest rate in the history of the survey among students in 8 th, 10 th and 12 th grade, for all categories. These findings are particularly noteworthy because snuff addiction is a major avoidable factors that contribute to many health problems in the United States.
Between 2004 and 2009, reported a decline in methamphetamine use in the previous year among students in all grades and lifetime use decreased from 2.3 to 1.6 percent among students in grade 8. Among students of 10 th and 12 th grade, also reported a decrease in the last 5 years in the category of previous year use of amphetamines and cocaine. The use of cocaine in the previous year decreased significantly from 4.4 to 3.4 percent among students in grade 12.
From 2004 to 2009 there was a decrease in the consumption of alcoholic beverages in the categories of "lifetime", "previous year", "in the previous month, as well as in the consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol from one time (binge use) among students in three grades respondents.
3. In 2009, students in grade 12 reported a decrease in use in several of the categories that the study to measure the consumption of hallucinogens. The use of hallucinogens and LSD in the past year decreased significantly, from 5.9 to 4.7 percent and from 2.7 to 1.9 percent, respectively. The use of hallucinogens other than LSD declined from 5.0 to 4.2 percent among students in grade 12.
Attitudes toward substance abuse, generally seen as precursors to changes in rates of use, showed many positive changes. Among students in grade 12, increased the perception of harm associated with LSD, amphetamines, sedatives / barbiturates, heroin and cocaine. Also decreased the perceived availability of various drugs among students in the three grades.
4. Concerns:
Marijuana use among all grades surveyed showed a steady decline since the mid-nineties. However, the trend has stalled and the prevalence rates have remained constant over the past five years. Among students in grade 8, using the previous year was 11.8 percent, among students in grade 10 was 26.7 percent and among grade 12 students was 32.8 percent. Furthermore, the perception of the risk of regular marijuana use declined among students in 8 th and 10 th grade, while the perceived availability decreased among students in grade 12.
From 2008 to 2009, use of smokeless snuff in the categories of "lifetime", "In the past month" and "daily use" significantly increased among students in grade 10.
Over the past 5 years the nonmedical use of Vicodin and OxyContin increased in the "previous year" among students in grade 10 and remained unchanged among the students of 8 th and 12 th grade. About 1 in 10 students in grade 12 reported nonmedical use of Vicodin, 1 in 20 reported abuse OxiContin.5
In answering the question of how they got the prescription narcotics for medical use, 52 percent of students in grade 12 indicated that obtained from a friend or relative. 34 percent bought from a friend or relative, while 30 percent had a prescription. The number of students who said he bought over the Internet was negligible. It is important to note that the survey allowed for several options on where to make narcotic obtained.
1. Initially the survey included only 12th grade students, but in 1991 the study was expanded to include 8th-and 10th-graders. The Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan is conducting this survey under the auspices of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, for its acronym in English). The 35 th annual survey was conducted during 2009.
2. Positive findings:Cigarette use is at the lowest rate in the history of the survey among students in 8 th, 10 th and 12 th grade, for all categories. These findings are particularly noteworthy because snuff addiction is a major avoidable factors that contribute to many health problems in the United States.
Between 2004 and 2009, reported a decline in methamphetamine use in the previous year among students in all grades and lifetime use decreased from 2.3 to 1.6 percent among students in grade 8. Among students of 10 th and 12 th grade, also reported a decrease in the last 5 years in the category of previous year use of amphetamines and cocaine. The use of cocaine in the previous year decreased significantly from 4.4 to 3.4 percent among students in grade 12.
From 2004 to 2009 there was a decrease in the consumption of alcoholic beverages in the categories of "lifetime", "previous year", "in the previous month, as well as in the consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol from one time (binge use) among students in three grades respondents.
3. In 2009, students in grade 12 reported a decrease in use in several of the categories that the study to measure the consumption of hallucinogens. The use of hallucinogens and LSD in the past year decreased significantly, from 5.9 to 4.7 percent and from 2.7 to 1.9 percent, respectively. The use of hallucinogens other than LSD declined from 5.0 to 4.2 percent among students in grade 12.
Attitudes toward substance abuse, generally seen as precursors to changes in rates of use, showed many positive changes. Among students in grade 12, increased the perception of harm associated with LSD, amphetamines, sedatives / barbiturates, heroin and cocaine. Also decreased the perceived availability of various drugs among students in the three grades.
4. Concerns:
Marijuana use among all grades surveyed showed a steady decline since the mid-nineties. However, the trend has stalled and the prevalence rates have remained constant over the past five years. Among students in grade 8, using the previous year was 11.8 percent, among students in grade 10 was 26.7 percent and among grade 12 students was 32.8 percent. Furthermore, the perception of the risk of regular marijuana use declined among students in 8 th and 10 th grade, while the perceived availability decreased among students in grade 12.
From 2008 to 2009, use of smokeless snuff in the categories of "lifetime", "In the past month" and "daily use" significantly increased among students in grade 10.
Over the past 5 years the nonmedical use of Vicodin and OxyContin increased in the "previous year" among students in grade 10 and remained unchanged among the students of 8 th and 12 th grade. About 1 in 10 students in grade 12 reported nonmedical use of Vicodin, 1 in 20 reported abuse OxiContin.5
In answering the question of how they got the prescription narcotics for medical use, 52 percent of students in grade 12 indicated that obtained from a friend or relative. 34 percent bought from a friend or relative, while 30 percent had a prescription. The number of students who said he bought over the Internet was negligible. It is important to note that the survey allowed for several options on where to make narcotic obtained.
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